Points of interest…
- New York issues exactly two social work licenses: the LMSW and the LCSW, both requiring a CSWE-accredited MSW.
- LMSW candidates take the ASWB Masters exam, while LCSW candidates must pass the ASWB Clinical exam.
- Earning an LCSW requires thousands of post-master's supervised clinical hours under a qualified supervisor.
- New York has not yet joined the Social Work Licensure Compact, so out-of-state transfers use endorsement.
New York employs more than 60,000 social workers across child protective services, hospital oncology units, school districts, and outpatient mental health clinics, yet the state issues only two license types: the Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW) and the Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). BSW holders can fill many agency positions without a license, but independent clinical practice and certain protected titles require one of these credentials.
The distinction matters for career planning. An LMSW demands an MSW from a CSWE-accredited program plus the ASWB Masters exam. The LCSW adds three years of post-master's supervised clinical experience and a second, more rigorous examination. Renewal cycles, continuing education mandates, and fees layer additional requirements on top. New York has not yet joined the Social Work Licensure Compact, so out-of-state practitioners must apply through social work licensure endorsement in Maryland rather than automatic transfer.
Social Work License Types in New York, LMSW Vs. LCSW
Unlike many states that offer three or even four tiers of social work licensure, New York issues only two: the Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW) and the Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). Both credentials are regulated by the New York State Education Department (NYSED), Office of the Professions, through its State Board for Social Work. Understanding what each license authorizes, and where bachelor's-level practitioners fit, is essential before you map out your career path.
LMSW: The Gateway License
The LMSW is the entry-level professional license for social workers in New York. It requires a master's degree in social work (MSW) from a program accredited by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) and a passing score on the corresponding ASWB examination. An LMSW may practice generalist social work, which includes assessment, case management, advocacy, program development, and community organizing. LMSWs may also provide certain clinical services, but only under the supervision of an LCSW or another qualified professional. Many LMSWs work in hospitals, school districts, nonprofit agencies, and government offices while they accumulate the supervised experience needed to advance.
LCSW: Independent Clinical Practice
The LCSW is the advanced clinical license. It authorizes independent practice, including psychotherapy, diagnosis of mental health conditions, and the provision of clinical treatment without supervision. To qualify, applicants must already hold an LMSW, complete a defined period of post-master's supervised clinical experience under an approved supervisor, and pass the ASWB Clinical examination. The LCSW is the credential most private practitioners and insurance panels require, and it opens the door to the broadest scope of clinical authority available to social workers in the state.
Where BSW Holders Fit In
New York does not issue a bachelor's-level social work license. That means graduates of a BSW program cannot use the protected title "Licensed Social Worker" without first earning an MSW and obtaining an LMSW. However, the absence of a bachelor's license does not shut BSW holders out of the workforce. Numerous social-service positions across the state hire candidates with a BSW, including roles in:
- Case management: Coordinating services for clients in child welfare, aging, or housing agencies.
- Community outreach: Connecting underserved populations with resources through nonprofit organizations.
- Social services support: Working as eligibility specialists, family advocates, or residential counselors in government and nonprofit settings.
These positions typically carry titles such as "case manager," "family specialist," or "social services coordinator" rather than "social worker," because the latter title is legally restricted to licensed professionals in New York.
Do You Need a Degree to Be a Social Worker in NY?
The short answer: you need at least a master's degree to be a licensed social worker in New York. The title "social worker" is protected by state law, so only individuals holding an LMSW or LCSW may use it professionally. That said, many employers in social services do not require licensure for their open positions, and a BSW (or even a related bachelor's degree in psychology, sociology, or human services) can qualify you for a range of direct-service roles. If your long-term goal is clinical practice or the use of the "social worker" title, plan for an MSW. To understand how New York's two-tier structure compares with the levels of social work licensure used in other states, reviewing the full license-level breakdown can help you plan accordingly. BSW holders interested in an accelerated path should look into advanced-standing MSW programs, which can reduce the graduate timeline significantly.
Education Requirements for New York Social Work Licensure
Your social work license in New York starts with the right degree, specifically a master's in social work from a program that meets the state's strict accreditation standards. The New York State Education Department (NYSED) Office of the Professions recognizes only one accrediting body for social work education: the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE). Whether you are aiming for the Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW) or the clinical-level Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), the foundational requirement is a CSWE-accredited MSW.
CSWE Accreditation: Why It Matters
CSWE accreditation is the gatekeeper. It guarantees that your program teaches the core competencies social workers need, including ethical practice, diversity awareness, research-informed methods, and client-centered intervention. New York will not license anyone whose degree comes from an unaccredited program, unless the program is determined to be substantially equivalent. For most prospective social workers, choosing a CSWE-accredited online MSW program is non-negotiable.
MSW Requirements for LMSW and LCSW
Both the LMSW and LCSW require an MSW. A typical CSWE-accredited MSW program takes two years of full-time study and includes both classroom learning and field practicum. The curriculum covers human behavior, social policy, practice methods, and two years of supervised fieldwork. If you hold a Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) from a CSWE-accredited undergraduate program, you may qualify for advanced standing, a path that can reduce your MSW to roughly one academic year. For a list of online MSW programs in New York, see our New York MSW programs page.
For the LCSW, however, the MSW must also include a set of clinical courses. NYSED mandates that your graduate transcript shows at least 12 semester hours of clinical content. These typically include a course in psychopathology (often titled "Mental Health and Psychopathology" or similar), clinical assessment and diagnosis, and clinical treatment methods. The coursework must prepare you to evaluate, diagnose, and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. If your MSW program did not include the required clinical hours, you will need to complete additional coursework before applying for the LCSW.
Advanced Standing: From BSW to MSW in Less Time
If you graduated with a CSWE-accredited BSW, advanced standing is your fastest route. Instead of retreading foundation-year material, you move directly into advanced clinical or macro practice courses. This can cut your MSW timeline from two years full-time to about one year (or the part-time equivalent). Admission is competitive and usually requires a strong BSW GPA, positive recommendations, and a statement of purpose. The resulting MSW still meets all New York licensing requirements, provided the program is CSWE-accredited and includes the clinical content necessary for the LCSW track.
Foreign-Educated Applicants
Social workers who earned degrees outside the U.S. must have their credentials evaluated for equivalency to a CSWE-accredited MSW. NYSED accepts evaluations from specific approved services, such as the CSWE's International Social Work Degree Recognition and Evaluation Service. Do not assume a foreign degree will automatically transfer; start the evaluation process early. You can find the current list of approved evaluators on the NYSED Office of the Professions website.
Once you have your qualifying education in hand, you are ready to tackle the ASWB exam, the next major step toward licensure.
ASWB Exam Requirements by License Level
LMSW candidates sit for one exam; LCSW candidates sit for a different, more advanced one. New York licenses social workers at two levels (Licensed Master Social Worker and Licensed Clinical Social Worker), so the ASWB Bachelors exam is not used in New York at all. If you hold a BSW and want to practice in New York, you will need to complete an MSW and sit for the Masters exam.
Which Exam Matches Your License
- LMSW applicants: Take the ASWB Masters exam. Current fee is $230 (nonrefundable).1
- LCSW applicants: Take the ASWB Clinical exam. Current fee is $260 (nonrefundable).1
Both exams now follow the same 2026 format: 122 scored and pretest questions, a 4-hour time limit, three content domains, and three answer options per item (down from four in prior years).2 ASWB also offers an $85 online practice test, which most candidates find worthwhile before their first attempt.1
Authorization and Scheduling
New York uses a two-step authorization process. Apply to NYSED first using Form 1 plus Form 2 (LMSW) or Form 1 plus Form 4/4B (LCSW).3 Once NYSED confirms your education meets the requirements, you receive exam eligibility. You then register directly with ASWB, pay the exam fee, and schedule your test at a Pearson VUE testing center. Skipping the NYSED step and registering with ASWB first will not get you licensed in New York, even if you pass.
Retakes and Current Policy
If you do not pass, ASWB requires a 90-day waiting period before retesting, and there is no cap on the number of attempts.1 Each retake requires a new exam fee. While several states have debated whether the ASWB exam should remain a licensure requirement, New York currently requires it for both LMSW and LCSW. For broader context on how exam policy varies by state and license tier, see the ASWB social work licensure hub.
Don't think of the LMSW as a temporary credential on the way to clinical licensure. Many New York social workers hold an LMSW for their entire career, building deep expertise in policy analysis, agency administration, community organizing, program evaluation, or macro practice roles where clinical hours simply aren't required.
Supervised Clinical Experience for the LCSW
The biggest hurdle between earning your MSW and practicing independently in New York is not another exam or another course: it is accumulating enough supervised clinical hours to qualify for the LCSW. This requirement demands both patience and careful planning, and missteps early on can cost you months of lost progress.
What New York Requires
To qualify for the Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) credential, you must complete a minimum of 36 months of post-master's supervised clinical experience that includes at least 2,000 hours of direct client contact.1 New York defines qualifying clinical activities as diagnosis, psychotherapy, and assessment-based treatment planning. General case management or purely administrative tasks do not count toward the 2,000-hour threshold.
You must hold either an LMSW license or a limited permit while accumulating these hours.1 Without one of those credentials, any clinical work you perform cannot be credited toward the LCSW. All supervised experience must be completed within a maximum window of 72 months (six years) from the date you begin, so pacing matters.
Supervisor Qualifications
Your clinical supervisor must hold a current New York LCSW, or be a qualified psychologist or psychiatrist recognized by the state.1 Before you begin logging hours under any supervisor, submit Form 4Q (the supervisor approval form) to the New York State Education Department's Office of the Professions.2 NYSED must confirm your supervisor's eligibility; hours logged under a supervisor who is later deemed unqualified may not be accepted.
If you plan to work with an out-of-state supervisor, verify with NYSED whether that individual holds an equivalent credential the state will recognize. Do not assume reciprocity.
Acceptable Practice Settings
New York accepts supervised experience earned in a range of settings, including:
- Hospitals and medical centers: Inpatient behavioral health units, emergency departments, and outpatient clinics.
- Mental health clinics: Community mental health programs, substance use disorder treatment facilities, and government-approved programs.
- Schools: Social work roles in K-12 or higher education settings.
- Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities: Federal settings where clinical social workers provide psychotherapy and assessment.
- Professional corporations and private practices: Hours accumulated in a licensed private practice can count, provided the supervision arrangement meets NYSED standards.
Government-approved programs and other entities recognized under New York Education Law may also qualify. When in doubt, confirm the setting's eligibility with NYSED before you invest significant time there.
Practical Tips to Protect Your Progress
Start logging hours the moment you receive your LMSW or limited permit after completing your MSW. If you are still weighing supervised hours for LCSW versus the MSW degree itself, understanding the distinctions early helps you plan the post-graduation phase more effectively. Delays add up quickly when you are working toward a 36-month minimum.
Keep contemporaneous, detailed records of every clinical hour, including the date, setting, type of clinical activity, and supervisor on record. NYSED can audit your experience documentation, and reconstructing records months or years after the fact is both stressful and unreliable.
Before you formally begin supervision, consider submitting Form 6 (the pre-review form) to NYSED.3 This optional step lets the board evaluate your planned supervision arrangement in advance, reducing the risk that hours will be rejected at the application stage.
Finally, maintain regular communication with your supervisor about what activities count toward the 2,000-hour requirement. A clear mutual understanding from day one prevents disputes and ensures every qualifying hour is properly documented.
Application Steps, Fees, and Background Checks
Two distinct paths converge in New York's licensure process: the master's-level LMSW, which hinges on education and examination, and the LCSW careers and requirements, which adds the dimension of supervised practice. The application steps below apply to both, with additional requirements noted for the LCSW.
Prerequisites and Mandatory Training
Before you start the online application, you must complete the New York State-mandated coursework in child abuse identification and reporting.1 This training must be from a NYSED-approved provider. Infection control training is no longer a licensure requirement.1 You will need to upload or submit proof of completion with your application.
Submitting Your Application Online
All initial applications are filed through the NYSED Office of the Professions online portal. The core document is Form 1 (Application for Licensure), where you provide your personal information, education history, license history, and disclose any criminal or disciplinary matters. Along with Form 1, you must arrange for your MSW program to submit Form 2 (Verification of Professional Education) directly to NYSED. If you hold an out-of-state license, you may also need to request that the licensing agency send verification.
For LCSW applicants, the process also requires Form 3 (Supervised Experience Verification). Your qualified supervisor must complete this form after you have finished the required post-graduate clinical hours. You must also submit a Supervised Experience Plan (Form 3PL) for each setting where you will earn hours, ideally before you begin the experience.
Fees and Payment Structure
NYSED charges a $294 application fee for both the LMSW and LCSW,3 which covers the review of your credentials and, if approved, the issuance of a three-year registration. LCSW candidates must also pay a separate $70 limited permit fee if they need to practice under that permit,1 plus a $10 fee for each supervised experience plan submitted.3 These fees are in addition to the ASWB exam registration cost: $230 for the Masters exam (LMSW) and $260 for the Clinical exam (LCSW).3 All fees are non-refundable and subject to change; verify current amounts on the NYSED website.
Background Check and Fingerprinting
New York requires all social work license applicants to undergo a criminal background check.3 The cost is $104.50 for fingerprinting services.3 NYSED uses an authorized vendor for electronic fingerprinting, which ensures swift processing. You must schedule an appointment and have your prints submitted before your license can be issued.
Limited Permit Option
The limited permit allows LMSW or LCSW applicants who have met education and exam requirements to practice under a qualified supervisor while their license application is under review. To qualify for an LMSW limited permit, you must have passed the ASWB Masters exam; for an LCSW limited permit, you must have passed the Clinical exam and already submitted your supervised experience plan. The permit is valid for one year and may be renewed once, giving you time to complete remaining supervised hours or simply maintain income continuity. During the permit period, you must work under the supervision of a licensed professional who meets NYSED's qualifications.
Path to Social Work Licensure in New York
The journey from your first day of college to full clinical licensure in New York typically spans 8 to 10 years. Below is the standard sequence, with approximate timeframes at each stage so you can plan ahead.
Total Cost of Becoming a Licensed Social Worker in New York
Beyond tuition, prospective licensees should budget for state application fees, the ASWB exam, fingerprinting, and optional limited permits. The table below breaks down known 2025-2026 costs for both the LMSW and LCSW credentials. Note that some fees (such as fingerprinting for the LCSW) may apply but are not separately confirmed at this time; check the NYSED Office of the Professions fee schedule for the most current figures.
| Cost Item | LMSW | LCSW |
|---|---|---|
| ASWB Exam Fee | $230 | $230 |
| NYSED Initial Licensure Application Fee | $294 | $294 |
| Limited Permit Fee (optional) | $70 | $70 |
| Fingerprinting Fee | $104.50 | Contact NYSED |
| Triennial Renewal Fee | $179 | $179 |
| Estimated Initial Total (excluding renewal) | $698.50 | $594+ |
Questions to Ask Yourself
License Renewal and Continuing Education for New York Social Workers
New York requires all licensed social workers to complete structured continuing education (CE) every three years, ensuring practitioners stay current with evidence-based practice, ethical standards, and emerging issues in the field.
Renewal Cycle and Fees
Both Licensed Master Social Workers and Licensed Clinical Social Workers in New York must renew their licenses every three years.1 The renewal date is tied to the licensee's birth month, and the New York State Education Department Office of the Professions sends renewal notices through NY.gov accounts approximately 90 days before expiration.2 Renewal fees are subject to change, so practitioners should verify current amounts on the NYSED Office of the Professions website.2 Practicing on an expired license is illegal in New York and can result in disciplinary action, fines, or criminal penalties.
Continuing Education Requirements
New York mandates 36 continuing education hours per triennial renewal period for both license levels.1 For a broader look at how CE requirements compare nationally, the continuing education requirements for social workers vary considerably by state. Social workers newly licensed during the first three years after initial licensure are exempt from CE requirements for their first renewal only.3 After that, the full 36-hour requirement applies.
Of the 36 hours required, at least 24 hours must be completed through live formats, which include in-person workshops, seminars, conferences, and live webinars (synchronous online instruction counts as live).1 The remaining hours, up to 12, may be earned through self-study formats such as recorded webinars, online courses, or journal-based learning activities.4
Mandatory Topics
New York requires three hours of instruction in professional boundaries and ethical conduct as part of the 36-hour total.1 This mandate took effect for registrations on or after April 1, 2023, and hours devoted to boundaries are included within (not added to) the 36-hour requirement.
Additionally, social workers must complete a one-time, two-hour course on child abuse identification and reporting.1 This training does not count toward the 36-hour CE requirement. For licensees who completed an earlier version of the child abuse course, the updated curriculum includes expanded content on adverse childhood experiences, implicit bias, and practice in virtual settings. Practitioners who completed the prior version before April 1, 2025, were required to take the updated course by that deadline.
Provider Approval and Documentation
CE courses must be approved or offered by the NYSED State Board for Social Work or recognized professional organizations.1 Social workers are responsible for retaining CE certificates and proof of attendance for six years in case of a board audit.5 Credits earned in excess of the 36-hour requirement cannot be carried over to the next renewal cycle.4
Consequences of Lapsing and Reinstatement
If a license lapses, the practitioner must immediately cease social work practice and cannot use the title Licensed Master Social Worker or Licensed Clinical Social Worker. To reinstate, the licensee must pay all outstanding renewal fees, complete any deficient CE hours, and submit a reinstatement application through the Office of the Professions online portal. Extended lapses may trigger additional documentation or disciplinary review.
Reciprocity, Endorsement, and the Social Work Licensure Compact
Endorsement is the process that allows social workers licensed in another state to obtain New York licensure without repeating every step from scratch. New York does not offer direct reciprocity, meaning an out-of-state license does not automatically convert to a New York credential. Instead, you must apply for licensure by endorsement and demonstrate that your qualifications meet New York standards.
How Endorsement Works in New York
If you hold a valid social work license from another jurisdiction, you can apply for either the LMSW or LCSW in New York by submitting documentation that proves equivalent education, examination, and (for clinical applicants) supervised experience. The New York State Education Department typically requires:
- Verified license status: Official verification from your current licensing board confirming your license is active and in good standing, with no disciplinary actions.
- Exam score transfer: Confirmation of your passing ASWB examination score at the appropriate level (Masters or Clinical).
- Education transcripts: Official transcripts sent directly from your CSWE-accredited MSW program to NYSED.
- Supervision documentation: For LCSW applicants, verification that your supervised clinical hours meet New York's requirements in terms of total hours, supervisor credentials, and practice settings.
New York generally does not require additional coursework for endorsement applicants whose education came from a CSWE-accredited program, though the state reserves the right to request supplemental documentation if your training appears deficient in any area. Always confirm current requirements directly with NYSED, as policies can change.
The Social Work Licensure Compact and New York's Status
The Social Work Licensure Compact is a multistate agreement designed to let licensed social workers practice across state lines without holding separate licenses in each jurisdiction. The compact activated in 2024 with seven member states2 and had grown to approximately 28 states by mid-2025, with projections reaching 30 to 32 states by 2026.1
As of mid-2026, New York has not enacted legislation to join the Social Work Licensure Compact.1 This means social workers licensed in compact member states cannot use the compact's streamlined process to practice in New York, and New York-licensed social workers cannot use the compact to practice in other member states. It is also worth noting that the compact was still in its implementation phase as of 2025 to 2026, meaning multistate licenses were not yet being issued even among member states.2
For practitioners who provide telehealth services or work near state borders, New York's absence from the compact means continuing to navigate the traditional endorsement process. If you plan to practice in multiple states, check the compact's official website for the current list of member jurisdictions and monitor any legislative developments in New York.
For a comparison of how other states handle out-of-state license transfers and compact participation, such as social work licensure in Indiana, visit the licensure hub on this site.
Explore other New York related topics
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New York Social Worker Salary by Metro Area
Salaries for social workers in New York vary significantly by metro area and specialty. The New York City metro area commands the highest wages across all three major social work categories, while upstate regions tend to offer lower but still competitive pay. With a projected job growth rate of roughly 24% for social workers statewide, demand remains strong across the board. Figures below reflect 2024 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
| Metro Area | Specialty | Total Employed | 25th Percentile | Median Salary | Mean Salary | 75th Percentile |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New York, Newark, Jersey City | Child, Family, and School | 21,590 | $59,850 | $72,750 | $79,960 | $96,010 |
| New York, Newark, Jersey City | Healthcare | 18,860 | $59,840 | $77,210 | $79,160 | $96,310 |
| New York, Newark, Jersey City | Mental Health and Substance Abuse | 12,050 | $64,800 | $83,490 | $101,390 | $101,840 |
| Albany, Schenectady, Troy | Child, Family, and School | 1,970 | $56,220 | $65,260 | $69,850 | $76,350 |
| Albany, Schenectady, Troy | Healthcare | 1,040 | $50,940 | $61,700 | $65,320 | $77,900 |
| Albany, Schenectady, Troy | Mental Health and Substance Abuse | 540 | $57,670 | $72,910 | $75,070 | $88,060 |
| Buffalo, Cheektowaga | Child, Family, and School | 1,470 | $53,660 | $64,380 | $67,080 | $76,900 |
| Buffalo, Cheektowaga | Healthcare | 1,110 | $50,220 | $60,410 | $62,460 | $72,390 |
| Buffalo, Cheektowaga | Mental Health and Substance Abuse | 580 | $61,520 | $75,200 | $71,910 | $83,990 |
| Rochester | Child, Family, and School | 1,450 | $51,600 | $65,260 | $67,990 | $74,610 |
| Rochester | Healthcare | 1,700 | $37,890 | $51,940 | $55,580 | $69,620 |
| Rochester | Mental Health and Substance Abuse | 750 | $47,180 | $66,290 | $67,920 | $80,240 |
| Syracuse | Child, Family, and School | 980 | $57,770 | $62,760 | $66,210 | $74,270 |
| Syracuse | Healthcare | 540 | $53,260 | $63,130 | $66,260 | $78,230 |
| Syracuse | Mental Health and Substance Abuse | 310 | $45,770 | $64,980 | $66,670 | $82,470 |
| Kiryas Joel, Poughkeepsie, Newburgh | Child, Family, and School | 770 | $58,390 | $76,820 | $79,690 | $95,610 |
| Kiryas Joel, Poughkeepsie, Newburgh | Healthcare | 540 | $55,850 | $63,310 | $67,430 | $77,900 |
| Kiryas Joel, Poughkeepsie, Newburgh | Mental Health and Substance Abuse | 370 | $63,350 | $79,170 | $81,390 | $89,060 |
| Utica, Rome | Child, Family, and School | 430 | $51,420 | $58,750 | $63,290 | $65,790 |
| Utica, Rome | Healthcare | 230 | $48,800 | $52,380 | $57,780 | $62,290 |
| Utica, Rome | Mental Health and Substance Abuse | 220 | $61,530 | $73,290 | $75,110 | $89,610 |
| Binghamton | Child, Family, and School | 320 | $56,050 | $62,740 | $73,890 | $75,330 |
| Binghamton | Healthcare | 310 | $46,190 | $50,500 | $56,030 | $63,930 |
| Binghamton | Mental Health and Substance Abuse | 150 | $65,420 | $67,360 | $72,510 | $82,870 |
| Kingston | Child, Family, and School | 360 | $63,100 | $71,040 | $74,430 | $85,100 |
| Kingston | Mental Health and Substance Abuse | 140 | $63,400 | $64,520 | $72,830 | $86,250 |
| Watertown, Fort Drum | Child, Family, and School | 160 | $46,950 | $52,020 | $65,920 | $74,270 |
New York Social Worker Salary Overview
Salaries for social workers in New York vary considerably depending on specialization. Mental health and substance abuse social workers report the highest median pay among the three major categories, while child, family, and school social workers represent the largest workforce segment. The figures below reflect 2024 data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics program.
| Specialization | Total Employment | 25th Percentile | Median Salary | 75th Percentile | Mean Salary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child, Family, and School Social Workers | 27,220 | $57,950 | $65,430 | $82,980 | $75,270 |
| Healthcare Social Workers | 22,880 | $54,570 | $67,250 | $84,730 | $72,480 |
| Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers | 14,180 | $63,720 | $80,230 | $98,100 | $96,240 |
Frequently Asked Questions About New York Social Work Licensure
Below are answers to common questions about earning and maintaining a social work license in New York. For deeper detail on any topic, refer to the corresponding section of this guide or visit the New York State Education Department, Office of the Professions website.
